There are basically three systems of tacheometric measurements such as stadia system, tangential system, and subtense bar system. As the name suggests in this method theodolite with the stadia diaphragm is used to find out the staff intercept between the lower and upper hairs and also the central hair reading is noted. In this method, the stadia wires are fixed or fitted at constant distance apart. We can do survey in area like hill and mountain where it is very difficult to do survey by other methods. Tangential method the tangential method of tacheometry is being used when stadia hairs are not present in the diaphragm of the instrument or when the staff is too far to read. In this method, the stadia hairs are not for taking readings. Tacheometric surveying solved problems surveying youtube. The following is the notation used in stadia tacheometry o optical centre of object glass. Tangential method no stadia hairs levelling staff with vanes or targets at.
Preparation of topographic maps which require both elevations and horizontal distances. The common principle in all tacheometric survey is. Pdf ce6304 surveying i books, lecture notes, 2marks with. In this method, the stadia hairs are not used, the readings being taken against the horizontal crosshair. List merits and demerits of movable hair method in tacheometric survey. The tacheometric methods of surveying are used with advantage over the direct methods of measurement of horizontal distances and differences in elevations. In this method several radial lines are taken from a point in the area. In this method, the telescope is directed towards the staff to which the horizontal and vertical distances are to be measured and two vertical angles to two vanes or targets on the staff at a known distance s apart are taken. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download. Surveying lecture notes pdf difference between dumpy level and auto level. Tacheometry measuring instrument scientific observation. Tacheometric survey tachometry is a method of measuring both horizontal distance. Chandra and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at.
Two distances of 20 m and 10 m were accurately measured and. Tacheometry principle of tacheometry stadia methods fixed hair method movable hair method tangential method subtense bar beamans stadia arc. Civil engineeringsurveying and leveling 362 important mcq pdf. In this survey theodolite with tacheometry facility is commonly used. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. Explain the different cases in tangential method of tacheometry. In this method, the stadia hairs are adjusted by micrometer screws such that upper hair bisects the upper target and the lower hair bisects the lower target. In this method, the staff sighted is fitted with two big targets or vanes spaced at a fixed vertical distances. Advantages of tacheometric surveying there is many advantages of doing survey by tacheometry which is as follow. The difference of the distance between the top and bottom cross hairs is called as staff intercept 5.
Tacheometry basic principle tacheometry is a branch of angular surveying in which the horizontal and vertical distances of points are obtained by instrumental observations this method is rapid and accurate. A 1, a 2, c readings on staff cut by three hairs a 1, a 2, c bottom top, and central hair of diaphragm a 1 a 2. A 1, a 2, c readings on staff cut by three hairs a 1, a 2, c bottom top. Method of tacheometric surveying there is basically two method and one of this method is further classified into sub methods. Tacheometric surveying methods, detail procedures civil. Its telescope contains two horizontal hairs called stadia hairs in addition to the regular cross hairs. Pdf surveying notes pdf file surveying lecturer notes. Spe disclaims any and all liability for your use of such content. In this method, the staff intercept is kept constant. Stadia system this is the more extensively used system of tacheometry particularly for detailed work, such as those required in engineering surveys. Tacheometry pdf file surveying electromagnetic radiation scribd.
This method is generally not used, as it is inconvenient to measure the stadia interval. Calculation methods for directional survey petrowiki. Tacheometric is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical. Tangential method no stadia hairs levelling staff with vanes or targets at known distance horizontal and vertical distances are measured by measuring the angles of elevation or depression. Tacheometry part 1 2015 surveying scientific observation. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. This also involves most skilled manpower and costly resources which are rare and cost intensive. On these lines at selected distances points are marked and levels determined. Stadia tacheometry fixed hair method movable hair method 2.
The various methods of the tacheometric survey may be classified as follows. Tacheometric systems tangential, stadia and subtense methods stadia systems horizontal and inclined sights vertical and normal. Introduction on angle measurement an angle is defined as the difference in direction between two convergent lines a horizontal angle is formed by the directions to two objects in a horizontal plane a vertical angle is formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, one of these lines horizontal. Tacheometry is not as accurate as chaining,but it is more rapid in rough and difficult countries where levelling is tedious and chaining is inaccurate and slow. Various methods of tacheometry survey are based on the principle that the horizontal distance between an instrument station a and a staff station b depending on the angle subtended at point a by a known distance at point b and the vertical angle from point b to point a respectively. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. Stadia system this is the more extensively used system of tacheometry. A transit theodolite fitted with special stadia diaphragm is known as tacheometer. There are several known methods of computing directional survey. Curves types of curves, design and setting out simple and compound curves.
In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. Enrol today in our site and get access to our study package comprising of video lectures, study material, practice questions and test. Tacheometric surveying stadia and tangential methods of tacheometry. Distance and elevation formulae for staff vertical position. Uses of tacheometry the tacheometric methods of surveying are used with advantage over the direct methods of measurement of horizontal distances and differences in elevations. Tangential method in this method, readings at two different points on a staff are taken.
Triangulation classificationinter visibility of station signals and towersbase line measurements corrections satellite station and reduction. It is not necessary to do chain operation that is required in other method of surveying. Explain the principles of stadia tacheometry and tangential tacheometry. Pdf iv semester civil ce2254surveying ii rajalakshmi kannan. The tangential method of tacheometry is being used when stadia hairs are not present in the diaphragm of the instrument or when the staff is too far to read. In tangential tacheometry, an ordinary level staff is used a leaning.
Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments. In this video, have talked about tangential method of tacheometric surveying. Theory 1 descesc beribe ttehe ppoceduerocedure of settsett ging out of sspeimple circular curve by i perpendicular offset from tangent, and ii rankines method of tangential. Tacheometry is a branch of surveying in which horizontal and vertical distances are determined by angular observations with a tacheometer.
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